To start the engine, a starter with forced engagement of the gear is used. The starter switch is part of the ignition switch. When the switch is turned on, the traction relay is activated, pushing the starter gear to the flywheel ring gear.
The power of the generator is determined by the type of engine. Car manufacturers install generators from different companies: Bosch, Valeo, Mitsubishi.
The generator is driven by a ribbed belt from the crankshaft.
A warning light mounted on the instrument panel informs the driver about the operation of the electrical system relating to the battery charging circuit..
Despite the fact that recently cars are equipped with batteries that do not require maintenance, it is nevertheless necessary to inspect the battery regularly.
The surface of the battery must be dry. Otherwise, the formation of leakage currents between cells is not excluded, which leads to battery discharge. The electrolyte level in the battery should be level with the bottom line on the case if the battery has a transparent case. If the battery case is opaque, then it is necessary to unscrew the plugs and make sure that the electrolyte closes the intercell partitions.
Attention! If the electrolyte level is low, add distilled water. Do not fill electrolyte!
Do not leave the battery uncharged during the cold season. A discharged battery will freeze.
The fuses are located on the fuse box. Fuse rating 5-30 A. Fuses are color-coded accordingly. The fuse rarely blows as a result of an overload. As a rule, this occurs as a result of a short circuit during repair work or due to a faulty consumer of the on-board network. For this reason, replacing a blown fuse will do nothing unless the cause of the blown fuse is determined and the problem is not repaired.
1. Find out from the circuit diagram when the fuse is energized. The fuse can be energized all the time or only when the ignition switch is switched to the appropriate position.
2. Find out which consumers close to this fuse.
3. Replace the new fuse with a jumper. It is needed only for a short time, no more than a second. Strong sparking indicates that there is a short circuit in one of the circuits. To search for a short circuit, open the connection to the corresponding consumers one by one. As soon as the next disconnection of the consumer, the sparking stops, then a short circuit should be sought in this circuit.
If sparking is not observed when installing the jumper, then the key in the ignition switch should be turned to the appropriate position. Check the voltage supply to the faulty fuse using a test light.
Sometimes a short circuit occurs when the corresponding consumer of electricity is turned on, for example, a rear window defroster, a windshield wiper, a direction indicator, brake lights, etc.). In this case, the search by method «sparks» gets complicated. To perform further work, experience or the help of a specialist auto electrician is required. If there is an ammeter with a measurement range of up to 30 Amperes, then a sharp deviation of the arrow when the device is connected to the consumer indicates a short circuit.
Attention! Sometimes the failure of the electrical consumer of the on-board network is caused by the oxidation of the holders of the corresponding fuse or their weakening. To restore conductivity, the fuses must be removed and the holders cleaned. Install new fuses.